Test: Hawkins (Hawkins-Kennedy) Test

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Background/Purpose

Procedure

The Hawkins-Kennedy test involves flexing the shoulder to 90° then forcibly internally rotating it (Hawkins and Kennedy 1980), although gentle internal rotation has also been suggested (Park et al 2005). A positive sign involves reproducing the pain of impingement (Hawkins and Kennedy 1980). It was originally suggested that the pathoanatomy of this clinical test involved driving the greater tuberosity under the coracoacromial ligament (Hawkins and Kennedy 1980). Hawkins and Kennedy (1980) noted that their impingement test was less reliable than the Neer impingement sign.
Performed: Unilaterally

Dialog

Abduct and internally rotate shoulder.

Criteria

• No pain
• Full range of motion.

Measurement

LOINC Code

0

Scale/Grading

Pass/Fail